UN Special Rapporteur Ben Saul has raised concerns over Somalia’s counter-terrorism framework, warning that overbroad laws, excessive security measures, and the use of military courts risk violating fundamental human rights.

After a ten-day official visit to Somalia, Saul acknowledged the government’s efforts to combat terrorism through military operations, law enforcement, and de-radicalization programs, but emphasized the severe security and resource constraints hindering progress.

Despite these efforts, the UN expert flagged serious violations, including:

• Arbitrary arrests and prolonged pre-trial detention
• Lack of legal representation for suspects
• Reports of enforced disappearances and ill-treatment in detention
• The death penalty applied to terrorism offences that do not involve killing

Saul voiced alarm over widespread abuses against children, including forced recruitment, sexual violence, and trafficking, and criticized the use of clan militias alongside the military, stressing the lack of legal safeguards to protect civilians.

Beyond security concerns, he warned that counter-terrorism financing laws could impede impartial humanitarian relief, affecting millions of vulnerable civilians. He also highlighted restrictions on media freedom, stating that journalists and civil society groups face intimidation when reporting on security matters.

Saul urged Somalia to establish independent oversight mechanisms, strengthen accountability for military operations, and create rehabilitation programs for former Al-Shabab members, including women survivors of gender-based violence.

With international donors scaling back funding, the Special Rapporteur called for sustained global engagement to support Somalia’s efforts in peacebuilding, governance, and human rights protection. His full report will be presented to the UN Human Rights Council in March 2026.

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